在改革、开放的时代大潮中,不少企、事业单位为了适应市场经济、努力转换经营机制,减员增效。于是,社会上出现了一批批“下岗”人员。这些人中,有被单位“炒鱿鱼”的青年职工;也有被作为“富余人员”而裁减下来的中年职工:还有一些应单位经营管理不善宣布破产或停产而暂时失去工作岗位的。下岗人员的心态大体上可归纳为以下三种类型。失落型:这是大多数下岗人员的心态类型。他们失去了原有的工作岗位,一时间经济收入锐减,他们怕被别人 In the tide of reform and opening up, many enterprises and public institutions have tried their best to change their management mechanism and downsized themselves in order to adapt to the market economy. As a result, a batch of batches of “laid off” personnel appeared in society. Among these people, there are young workers who have been “fired” by their units; middle-aged workers who have been cut down as “surplus personnel”; and others have temporarily lost their jobs due to the bankruptcy or discontinuation of their operations and management of. The mentality of laid-off staff generally can be summarized as the following three types. Lost: This is the type of mentality most laid-off people have. They have lost their original jobs, and for a time their economic incomes have plummeted. They fear being taken by others