运用社会学、历史学、哲学和进化论观点,从社会发展因素、知识增长因素和文献进化因素三个方面,分别就电子文献产生与发展的内在与外在动因进行较为全面、系统的探讨。指出文献发展的动因是自身形态的变化和运动,一定的文献形态代表着一定历史阶段人类特定的文化信息传播方式,而文献形态的交替现象则是由于文献利用过程中有了问题才发生的。 From the perspectives of sociology, history, philosophy and evolution, this paper discusses the internal and external motivation of the emergence and development of electronic literature from three aspects of social development, knowledge growth and literature evolution respectively. It points out that the motivation of the development of the literature is the change and movement of one’s own form. The certain document form represents the mankind’s specific way of disseminating cultural information in a certain historical stage. The alternate phenomenon of the document form is due to the problems in the process of using the document.