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目的:探讨早期微量喂养对危重新生儿胃肠功能及预后的影响。方法:危重新生儿30例随机分为早期微量喂养组(早喂组)和晚喂组各15例。早喂组于出生后6～12h开奶,奶量从0.4～4.0mL/(kg·d)开始,晚喂组于生后48～72h或病情稳定后开奶,奶量从10～20mL/(kg·d)开始。比较2组喂养不耐受发生率、恢复出生体质量时间、达足量经口喂养时间、静脉营养时间及住院天数、安静睡眠、烦躁时间。结果:早喂组喂养不耐受发生率低于晚喂组(P<0.05);恢复出生体质量时间、达足量经口喂养时间、肠外静脉营养时间、住院天数均较晚喂组缩短(P<0.01);2组安静睡眠、烦躁时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:早期微量喂养能促进危重新生儿胃肠功能的成熟,减少喂养不耐受的发生,缩短全胃肠道内喂养的时间和住院时间。
Objective: To investigate the effects of early micronutrient on the gastrointestinal function and prognosis of critically ill infants. Methods: 30 critically ill newborns were randomly divided into early micronutrient group (early-fed group) and late-fed group (n = 15). The early feeding group started milk 6 ~ 12h after birth, the milk volume began from 0.4 ~ 4.0mL / (kg · d), the late feeding group 48 ~ 72h after birth or after the illness was stable, the milk volume increased from 10 ~ 20mL / (kg · d). The incidence of feeding intolerance, the time of birth weight recovery, the time of sufficient oral feeding, the time of intravenous nutrition and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Quiet sleep and irritability time were compared. Results: The incidence of feeding intolerance in early feeding group was lower than that of late feeding group (P <0.05); the time of restoring birth weight, the time of sufficient oral feeding, the time of parenteral nutrition and the length of hospital stay were shortened (P <0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in quiet sleep and irritability time (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Early micronutrient feeding can promote the maturation of gastrointestinal function in critically ill newborn infants, reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance, and shorten the period of total gastrointestinal feeding and hospital stay.