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一、前言科技界普遍认为,研制比现有计算机更“聪明”的智能计算机是21世纪的高技术,是对人类智慧的挑战。为此,日本近年先后推出五代机计划、新信息计划、现实世界计算计划;美国也相继推出战略计算计划、神经网络计划、高性能计算计划等。然而经过历时几十年特别是最近十几年的努力,人们并没有找到“智能计算机”的实现途径。自1986年开始实施国家高技术发展计划(863计划)以来,中国的科技人员也开始在国家的统一组织下迎接这一全球性的挑战。为此,
I. Introduction The science and technology community generally believes that the development of smart computers that are more “smarter” than existing computers is the 21st-century high-tech challenge to human wisdom. To this end, Japan has introduced five generations of machine plans in recent years, new information plans, real-world computing plans; the United States have also introduced strategic computing plans, neural network plans, high-performance computing plans. However, after decades of efforts, especially the last ten years, people have not found a way to realize “smart computers.” Since the implementation of the National Hi-Tech Development Plan (863 Program) in 1986, China’s scientific and technological personnel have also started to meet this global challenge under the unified national organization. to this end,