自 18 4 8年《共产党宣言》诞生以来 ,科学社会主义作为人类社会追求文明进步的重要成果 ,已经走过了15 6年的不平凡历程。一个半多世纪的科学社会主义发展史 ,虽然充满着艰辛、曲折以至暂时失败 ,但是其改变世界无产阶级和劳动人民命运的功绩不可否认 ,昭示人类社会发展规律和 Since the birth of the “Communist Manifesto” in 1848, scientific socialism, as an important achievement of the human society in its pursuit of progress in civilization, has gone through an extraordinary period of 1560 years. Although the history of the development of scientific socialism in more than half a century is full of arduous twists and turns and its temporary failure, its merit in changing the destiny of the proletariat and working people in the world is undeniable. It shows the laws governing the development of human society and