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[目的]了解南昌市青山湖区外环境水体中O1和O139群霍乱弧菌的存在和水产品污染状况,及时发现霍乱病例,为指导防治提供依据。[方法]2007—2009年的4~10月在全区选择监测区域,对外环境水体、水产品及腹泻病人标本进行监测。[结果]采集各类标本共3 710份,检出O1和O139群霍乱弧菌18份(0.5%),其中水体占0.4%,水产品占0.6%,腹泻病人粪便标本占0.3%。2008年阳检率(0.7%)高于2007年(0.4%)和2009年(0.3%)。标本来源:水产品11份(61.1%),水体5份(27.8%),腹泻病人粪便标本2份(11.1%);血清学分型:9份稻叶型,占阳性菌株50.0%,8份O139型,占44.4%,1份小川型,占5.6%。除2份腹泻病人的O139血清型含毒力基因外,其余血清型均不含毒力基因。[结论]青山湖区外环境水体及水产品存在O1和O139群霍乱弧菌,是外环境水体中的正常菌群,应继续加强监测,及时发现致病菌及传染源,以采取相应防控措施。
[Objective] The study aimed to understand the existence of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 in aquatic environment outside Qingshanhu District, Nanchang, as well as the pollution status of aquatic products. The timely detection of cholera cases provided the basis for prevention and control. [Method] From April to October in 2007-2009, the monitoring area was selected in the whole region to monitor the specimens of external environmental water, aquatic products and diarrhea patients. [Result] A total of 3 710 samples of all kinds of samples were collected, and 18 strains (0.5%) of Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 were detected, of which 0.4% were water, 0.6% were aquatic products and 0.3% were stool samples from diarrhea patients. The positive rate in 2008 (0.7%) was higher than in 2007 (0.4%) and in 2009 (0.3%). The samples were obtained from 11 samples (61.1%) of aquatic products, 5 (27.8%) of water samples and 2 (11.1%) of stool samples from diarrhea patients. Serological typing: 9 rice varieties, accounting for 50.0% of positive strains and 8 copies of O139 Type, accounting for 44.4%, 1 Ogawa type, accounting for 5.6%. Except for the O139 serotype virulence genes in two diarrhea patients, none of the other serotypes contained virulence genes. [Conclusion] There were O1 and O139 group Vibrio cholerae outside Qingshanhu district water environment and aquatic products, which is the normal flora in the external environment water. Monitoring should be continued to detect pathogens and sources of infection in time to take appropriate prevention and control measures .