Background:Previous studies demonstrate that eccrine sweat glands are innervated by both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves.However,it is still unknown whether the secretory coils and ducts of eccrine sweat glands are equally innervated by the sympathetic nerve fibers.To well understand the mechanisms on sweat secretion and reabsorption,the differential innervation of secretory coils and ducts in human eccrine sweat glands was investigated in the study.Methods:From June 2016 to June 2017,six human skins were fixed,paraffin-embedded,and cut into 5 μm-thick sections,followed by costaining for nerve fiber markers protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5),tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP),and eccrine sweat gland markers K7,S 100P,and K 14 by combining standard immunofluorescence with tyramide signal amplification (IF-TSA).Stained sections were observed under the microscope,photographed,and analyzed.Results:The fluorescent signals of PGP 9.5,TH,and VIP were easily visualized,by IF-TSA,as circular patts surrounding eccrine sweat glands,but only PGP 9.5 could be observed by standard IF.The IF-TSA method is more sensitivity than standard IF in detecting antigens expressed at low levels.PGP 9.5,TH,and VIP appeared primarily surrounding the secretory coils and sparsely surrounding the sweat ducts.Conclusion:Sweat secretion is mainly controlled by autonomic nerves whereas sweat reabsorption is less affected by nerve activity.