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人口特征是影响经济发展与居民收入分配的重要因素。限于篇幅本文仅考察了文化、年龄及性别与收入及分配差别的关系。首先以回归法和列表法考察了这些特征与居民收入水平的关系；然后以泰尔指数测度了这些人口特征对居民收入差别的影响程度。研究表明，这些特征是制约居民收入变动的重要因素，是影响收入分配差别及其变动的重要变量。这些影响是正常且适当的。唯有年龄与居民收入的关系需要调整：应当加大征收中年段居民的社会保障费，充实社会养老金。
Demographic characteristics are an important factor that affects economic development and income distribution. Due to space limitations, this article only examines the relationship between culture, age and gender and income and distribution differences. Firstly, the relationship between these characteristics and residents’ income level is investigated by regression method and list method; then the degree of influence of these population characteristics on the income difference of residents is measured by Theil index. The research shows that these characteristics are the important factors restricting the income change of residents and the important variables that affect the income distribution differences and their changes. These effects are normal and appropriate. Only the relationship between age and income of residents needs to be adjusted: the social security fee for residents in middle age should be increased and social pensions should be enriched.