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约瑟夫·海勒(1923-1999)是当代美国著名的小说家,也是黑色幽默文学的杰出代表。他擅长运用荒诞讽刺的手法,以街头式的幽默来抨击美国社会的种种弊病,使人在玩笑中悲哀,在震撼中沉思。1974年第二部长篇小说《出事了》的出版进一步确立了海勒在当代美国小说家中的重要地位。本论文运用法国叙事学家热奈特的叙事理论分析了《出事了》中的叙事聚焦。文章阐述了小说中内聚焦、全聚焦和外聚焦的多重视角及灵活多变的聚焦手法对理解文本的意义。
Joseph Heller (1923-1999) is a famous American contemporary novelist, but also an outstanding representative of black humor. He is good at using absurd and satirical techniques to criticize the shortcomings of American society with street-style humor, making people jokingly sad and shocking. The publication of the second novel “An Accident” in 1974 further established Heller’s important position in contemporary American novelists. This thesis analyzes the narrative focus in “An Accident” by using the narrative theory of French narratologist Jerneth. The article expounds the multi-perspectives of inner-focus, all-focus and outer-focus in the novel and the significance of the flexible and focused approach to understanding the text.