财政赤字的扩大,通货膨胀的存在表明了当前的经济困难。其原因是:国有企业经济效益差,导致财政收入少,而各种支出又难以减少,就会有财政赤字。在经济运行机制尚未转换的大环境中,一些地区与部门扩大投资规模,必然造成投资规模过大和通货膨胀率上升。可见,造成经济困难和财政困难的深层次问题是经济体制改革的滞后,尤其是企业体制改革、投资体制改革和金融体制改革滞后。 企业体制改革是整个经济体制改革的核心。在传统的计划经济体制下,公有制企业是政企不分、产权不明、不自主经营、不自负盈亏的,它们只不过是行政部门的附属物。这种情况不改变,企业既没有自我约束机制,又没有自我成长与积累机制。企业缺乏自我约束机制,无效益投资就得不到抑制,投资规模 The expansion of the fiscal deficit, the existence of inflation, shows the current economic difficulties. The reason for this is that the poor economic returns of state-owned enterprises lead to a small fiscal revenue while difficulties in reducing various expenditures will result in fiscal deficits. In the environment where the economic operation mechanism has not yet been transformed, the expansion of investment scale in some regions and departments inevitably leads to over-investment and rising inflation. It can be seen that the deep-seated problems that cause economic difficulties and financial difficulties are the lags behind the reform of the economic system, especially the reform of the enterprise system, the reform of the investment system and the backwardness of the financial system. Enterprise system reform is the core of the entire economic system reform. Under the traditional system of planned economy, public-owned enterprises are not divided by government and enterprises, whose property rights are unknown, they are not operating independently, and are not self-financing. They are merely appendages of the administrative department. This situation does not change, companies neither self-restraint mechanism, there is no self-growth and accumulation mechanism. Enterprises lack self-restraint mechanism, inefficient investment will not be inhibited, the scale of investment