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目的了解青海省兴海县重大鼠疫疫情灾害后宿主动物及其体表寄生蚤生态学特征,探讨其在鼠疫防治中的流行病学意义。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,在青海省三江源区域内发生过肺鼠疫暴发流行的兴海县对鼠疫宿主动物和媒介蚤种群分布和密度进行调查,分析鼠疫宿主动物和媒介蚤的生态学特征。结果兴海县调查区旱獭平均密度为0.07只∕hm2。捕获动物13种245只,其中啮齿目8种,兔形目3种,食肉目2种。采获蚤类25种458匹,其种群构成以斧形盖蚤为主,占总蚤数的37.99%(174/458);其次为谢氏山蚤,占10.70%(49/458)。鼠体寄生蚤丰富,以根田鼠体寄生蚤的多样性指数最高,为2.494;其次是青海田鼠,为1.611;旱獭寄生蚤多样性指数为1.001。结论兴海县喜马拉雅旱獭鼠疫疫源地内有青海田鼠分布,鼠体寄生蚤的多样性指数较高。提示该地区的鼠疫疫源地可能具有多元性,应加强这一地区鼠疫的全面监测。
Objective To understand the ecological characteristics of host animals and their surface parasitic fleas after the major plague outbreak in Xinghai County, Qinghai Province, and to explore its epidemiological significance in the prevention and control of plague. Methods The epidemiological investigation method was used to investigate the population distribution and density of the plague host and flea fleece in Xinghai County, where the outbreak of pneumonic plague occurred in the Three Rivers in Qinghai Province. The ecology of the plague host and the flea were analyzed feature. Results The average density of marmots in Xinghai County was 0.07 / hm2. There were 245 species of 13 species captured, including 8 species of rodents, 3 species of rabbits and 2 species of carnivorous species. A total of 458 species of fleas were collected, accounting for 37.99% (174/458) of the total number of fleas; its population was 10.70% (49/458). The parasitism fleas in rodents were abundant, and the highest diversity index of parasitoid fleas was 2.494 in root voles, followed by Qinghai vole (1.611). The diversity index of parasitism was 1.001 in mullet. Conclusion Qinghai voles are distributed in Himalayan plague origin in Xinghai County, while the diversity index of parasitized fleas in rats is high. Suggesting that the plague foci in the area may be diverse and the comprehensive surveillance of plague in the area should be strengthened.