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作为一种重要的粮草兼用作物,谷子广泛地种植于黄河流域且现在仍然存在于中国北方地区。随着农业发展和人们生活水平的提高,在干旱半干旱地区的种植面积也来越少。但是,由于谷子的基因组比较小及自花授粉,它非常适合作为全基因组研究及用作生物燃料和碳4作物光合的研究模式作物。在2012年,谷子全基因组序列被成功测序。因此,谷子可以用来研究植物形态、生理生化及比较功能基因组学。为了更系统地了解谷子研究进展,我们从种质资源、传统育种、生理生化、分子标记、遗传图谱构建、基因定位及基因组测序比较基因组等方面进行综述。这将为未来研究谷子打开一扇窗户。
As an important forage and crop, millet is widely planted in the Yellow River basin and is still present in northern China. With the development of agriculture and improvement of people’s living standards, the planted area in arid and semi-arid areas will also be less and less. However, because of its relatively small genome and self-pollination, millet is well suited as a genome-wide research and research model crop for photosynthesis of biofuels and carbon 4 crops. In 2012, the whole genome sequence of millet was successfully sequenced. Therefore, millet can be used to study plant morphology, physiology and biochemistry and comparative functional genomics. In order to understand more systematically the progress of millet research, we review the germplasm resources, traditional breeding, physio-biochemistry, molecular markers, genetic map construction, gene mapping and comparative genomics of genome sequencing. This will open a window for future research millet.