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我们知道,金属阳离子在水中是以水合离子的形式存在.其结合水分子的数目有的是确定的,如[A1(H_2O)_6]~(3+)、[Fe(H_2O)_6]~(3+)、[Cu(H_2O)_4]~(2+)等;有的是不确定的,如[Cd(H_2O)x]~(2+)、[Pb(H_2O)]~(2+)等.许多水合金属离子,在溶液中往往显酸性反应,这是因为金属离子的正电荷排斥开配位水分子中的氢离子而使氢离子电离出来的缘故.这个过程就是金属离子的水解过程.它和多元酸的电离一样,是分级进行的.以水合的三价金属离子[M(H_2O)_8]~(3+)为例,水解过程可设想如下:
We know that metal cations exist in the form of hydrated ions in the water, and the number of bound water molecules is certain, such as [A1 (H_2O) _6] ~ (3 +), [Fe Such as [Cd (H 2 O) x] ~ (2 +), [Pb (H 2 O)] ~ (2+), etc. Many hydrates Metal ions, often acidic reaction in solution, this is because the positive charge of metal ions to open the hydrogen ions in the water molecules to cause hydrogen ion ionization of the reason, this process is the hydrolysis of metal ions and it and multiple The acid ionization is the same as the classification, taking hydrated trivalent metal ions [M (H_2O) _8] ~ (3+) as an example, the hydrolysis process can be assumed as follows: