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目的分析2011—2015年深圳市福田区手足口病流行特征,为制定肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus type 71,EV 71)疫苗免疫接种程序提供依据。方法利用福田区2011—2015年手足口病检测和疫情数据,采用描述性流行病学方法和应用地理信息系统技术进行分析。结果福田区2011—2015年共报告手足口病12 119例,年均发病率为181.64/10万,累计报告重症52例,死亡3例,以EV71感染为主;时间分布上除2015年外均呈双峰流行为主,具有夏秋季高发的特点;地区分布上主要聚集在流动人口密集的老旧城中村;人群分布上主要发生在5岁以下儿童,以男童为主。结论应加强对城中村散居儿童的健康宣教以及社区隔离的指引,并且完善基于实验室检测的的手足口病监测网络。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Futian District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2015 and provide basis for the development of vaccination program of Enterovirus type 71 (EV 71) vaccine. Methods The data of detection and epidemic situation of HFMD in Futian District from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed. Descriptive epidemiological methods and geographic information system (GIS) techniques were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 12 119 HFMD cases were reported in Futian District from 2011 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 181.64 / 100 000. A total of 52 severe cases and 3 deaths were reported, with EV71 infection predominating. It was mainly bimodal and had the characteristics of high incidence in summer and autumn. The distribution mainly concentrated in the densely populated old village of Zhongcheng. The population distribution mainly occurred in children under 5 years old, mainly boys. Conclusion The guidelines for health education and community segregation of diaspora in urban villages should be strengthened and the hand-foot-mouth disease monitoring network based on laboratory tests should be improved.