明代四川岷江上游的羌族地区,相继推行土司制度,清初又进行了“改土归流”,由此,羌族社会从封建领主制逐渐过渡到封建地主制,成为羌族历史上极其重要的阶段。关于土司制度及“改土归流”的性质和作用,史学界、民族学界的认识并不一致,因此,有必要对这一措施予以科学地评价。现仅就文献及实地调查材料,谈谈我们的看法。 In the Qiang area in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River in Sichuan Province in the Ming Dynasty, the chieftains were introduced one after another and in the early Qing Dynasty “land reform” was carried out. As a result, the gradual transition of the Qiang community from the feudal lord to the feudal landownership became an extremely important stage in the history of the Qiang people. With regard to the chieftain system and the nature and role of “reforming the government,” there is a lack of consensus on the history and ethnology. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate this measure scientifically. We will talk about our views on the literature and on the field investigation materials.