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目的了解广州市海珠区低出生体重儿(LBW)发生率及分布特征,为减少LBW的发生率提供依据。方法运用分层整群抽样法对广州市海珠区5 244名在校学生进行问卷调查,筛查LBW,电话询问或去相关医院查看出生记录进一步确定。结果广州市海珠区7~18岁儿童LBW发生率为3.9%(169/4 365),早产发生率为8.3%(322/3 886);足月LBW发生率为2.1%,高于早产LBW(1.8%),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.702,P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,有统计学意义的因素包括母亲生育年龄、文化程度、妊娠高血压、产期检查次数、早产史、多胎妊娠和孕期有毒有害物质接触史,LBW发生与性别无关。logistic回归分析显示:妊娠高血压、多胎妊娠、孕期有毒有害接触史、产期检查次数少、母亲生育年龄≥30岁和母亲文化程度低是LBW的影响因素,OR值分别为2.01、1.65、1.49、1.14、1.09和0.82。结论海珠区LBW的发生率低于全国平均水平。减少LBW发生率要关注孕期保健,适时产检,避免接触有毒有害物质,防止早产和妊娠期并发症。
Objective To understand the incidence and distribution characteristics of low birth weight infants (LBW) in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and to provide basis for reducing the incidence of LBW. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 5 244 students in Haizhu District, Guangzhou City. Screening LBW, telephone inquiries or go to the relevant hospitals to check the birth record for further confirmation. Results The incidence of LBW was 3.9% (169/4 365) in children aged 7-18 years in Haizhu District of Guangzhou City, 8.3% (322/3 886) in preterm birth and 2.1% in term full-term, which was higher than that of LBW 1.8%), but the difference was not statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 0.702, P> 0.05). Univariate analysis showed statistically significant factors including maternal age at birth, education level, pregnancy-induced hypertension, number of maternity tests, premature birth history, multiple pregnancy and exposure history of toxic and harmful substances during pregnancy. LBW was not related to gender. Logistic regression analysis showed that pregnancy-induced hypertension, multiple pregnancies, toxic contact history during pregnancy, less number of maternity check-ups, mother’s reproductive age≥30 and mother’s educational level were the influential factors of LBW with OR values of 2.01,1.65,1.49 , 1.14, 1.09 and 0.82. Conclusion The incidence of LBW in Haizhu District is lower than the national average. Reduce the incidence of LBW should pay attention to health care during pregnancy, timely health check-up, to avoid contact with toxic and harmful substances, to prevent complications of pregnancy and pregnancy.