学术界在巴黎公社四·一六法令·的实质内容的理解和评价上,大体存在着两种值得商榷的观点: (一)不少有代表性的世界通史、法国史著作甚至关于巴黎公社的专著谈到四·一六法令时,往往只涉及它接管逃亡业主企业的一面,有意无意地避开了它允诺支付赎金的一面。 这种观点在很大程度上是由于不了解四·一六法令同公社当时所处政治、军事、经济诸方面环境的关系所致。在政治上,公社在4月16日之前,正忙于办完选举手续,以求领导机构的健全和稳定。这期间,公社的各项社会措施,既需充分反映民众的迫切要求,又要尽可能团结广泛的阶层。 军事上,公社自4月2日起受到凡尔赛军队的进攻,局势渐趋严重。因此,公社在恢复、发展生产,动员巴黎的一切人力、物力支援前线的同时,亦需要对各项工作采取慎重的步骤,以防范后方可能出现的动荡。 There are generally two debatable views on the understanding and evaluation of the substantive content of the Paris Decree of the Paris Commune by the academic community: (1) Many representative general history of the world, books on the history of France, and even on the Paris Commune When it comes to the Decree of March 16, the monograph often deals only with the fact that it took over the enterprises of the escaping owners, consciously or unconsciously sidestepped its promised payment of the ransom. This view was due in large part to the lack of understanding of the relationship between the April 16th ordinance and the political, military and economic environment in which the commune was then. Politically, the commune was busy completing the election formalities until April 16, in order to ensure the soundness and stability of its leadership. During this period, the community’s social measures must not only fully reflect the urgent demands of the public, but also unite as broad a class as possible. From the military point of view, the commune has been attacked by the Versailles army since April 2 and the situation is getting grave. Therefore, while the commune resumes, develops production and mobilizes all the manpower and resources in Paris to support the frontline, it will also need to take cautious steps toward various tasks so as to prevent possible rear turmoil.