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目的:探讨共情及执行功能指标对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder，ASD)与注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD)诊断分类的意义。方法:依据DSM-Ⅴ诊断标准入组33名ASD儿童，30名ADHD儿童以及39名正常发育(typical development，TD)儿童青少年为研究对象，对比分析共情与执行功能特征，基于共情及执行功能指标用机器学习方法对三组被试进行诊断分类。结果:三组被试在格里菲斯共情测验父母版(GEM)量表总分[ASD组：(0.67±0.64)分，ADHD组：(1.00±0.79)分，TD组：(0.98±0.73)分]及各因子得分(n F＝3.595～10.363，均n P<0.05)、执行功能行为评定量表(BRIEF)量表总分[ASD组：(62.79±7.45)分，ADHD组：(59.47±8.77)分，TD组：(49.08±7.91)分]及各因子得分均差异有统计学意义(n F＝6.557～33.205，均n P<0.01)。其中ASD、ADHD组在共情与执行功能得分普遍高于TD儿童(均n P<0.05)，联合BRIEF量表及GEM量表所有子成分指标时，三组被试分类准确率达62.75%。n 结论:ASD与ADHD儿童在共情与执行功能上均存在损伤，联合共情与执行功能指标比单一指标更有助于诊断分类。“,”Objective:To explore the significance of empathy and executive function indexes in the diagnosis and classification of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods:According to DSM-Ⅴ diagnostic criteria, 33 children with ASD, 30 children with ADHD and 39 typical development (TD) children and adolescents were enrolled as the research subjects.The empathy and executive function characteristics were compared and analyzed in the subjects.Based on empathy and executive function indicators, the three groups of subjects were diagnosed and classified by machine learning method.Results:The total score of Griffith empathy measure parent ratings(GEM-PR)(ASD: (0.67±0.64), ADHD: (1.00±0.79), TD: (0.98±0.73)) and each factor score (n F=3.595-10.363, all n P<0.05) and the total score of behavior rating inventory of executive function(BRIEF)(ASD: (62.79±7.45), ADHD: (59.47±8.77), TD: (49.08±7.91)) and each factor score of the three groups were different (n F=6.557-33.205, all n P<0.01). Among them, the scores of empathy and executive function in ASD and ADHD groups were generally higher than those in TD children (alln P<0.05). When combined with BRIEF scale and GEM scale, the classification accuracy of the three groups reached 62.75%.n Conclusion:Both ASD and ADHD children have damages in empathy and executive function.Combining empathy and executive function indexes are more helpful for diagnosis and classification than single index.