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为了探究黑龙江省黑土区大豆推荐施肥量,通过多年多点的“3414”田间试验数据统计分析,初步建立了该区测土配方施肥指标体系。结果表明:(1)土壤氮素(碱解氮)以相对产量75%、80%、85%和90%,磷素(有效磷)和钾素(速效钾)以相对产量75%、85%、90%和95%为界限划分为低、较低、中、较高和高5个肥力等级;(2)各肥力等级的最佳施肥量:N为41.7～43.4,36.3～41.7,28.4～36.3,26.1～28.4和0～26.1 kg.hm-2;P2O5为51.0～62.0,47.7～51.0,38.9～47.7,33.9～38.9和0～33.9 kg.hm-2;K2O为55.4～64.1,51.2～55.4,43.2～51.2,35.4～43.2和0～35.4 kg.hm-2;(3)各肥力等级最佳施肥量比不施肥分别增收:N为1 270.6～1 387.6,681.9～1 270.6,357.3～681.9,279.9～357.3和0～279.9元.hm-2;P2O5为856.9～1 101.3,729.3～856.9,347.6～729.3,221.2～347.6和0～221.2元.hm-2;K2O为444.1～739.5,382.1～444.1,266.2～382.1,184.6～266.2和0～184.6元.hm-2;(4)最佳施肥量农学利用率:N为9.5～9.9,6.3～9.5,4.7～6.3,4.2～4.7和0～4.2;P2O5为6.1～6.3,5.6～6.1,3.9～5.6,3.3～3.9和0～3.3;K2O为4.0～4.9,3.8～4.0,3.4～3.8,3.2～3.4和0～3.2。
In order to explore the recommended fertilization rate of soybean in black soil area in Heilongjiang Province, the index system of soil testing and fertilization in this area was preliminarily established through the statistical analysis of “3414” multi-year field experiment data. The results showed that: (1) The relative yields of soil nitrogen (available nitrogen) were 75%, 80%, 85% and 90%, phosphorus (available phosphorus) and potassium , 90% and 95% were divided into low, low, medium, high and high fertility levels; (2) The best fertilization rate of each fertility level: N was 41.7 ~ 43.4,36.3 ~ 41.7,28.4 ~ 36.3, 26.1-28.4 and 0-26.1 kg.hm-2 respectively; P2O5 was 51.0-62.0, 47.7-51.0, 38.9-47.7, 33.9-38.9 and 0-33.9 kg.hm-2; K2O was 55.4-64.1, 55.4, 43.2 ~ 51.2, 35.4 ~ 43.2 and 0 ~ 35.4 kg · hm-2, respectively; (3) The best fertilization rate of all fertility classes was higher than that without fertilization: N was 1 270.6 ~ 1 387.6,681.9 ~ 1 270.6,357.3 ~ 681.9, 279.9 to 357.3 and 0 to 279.9 .hm-2; P2O5 856.9 to 101.3, 729.3 to 856.9, 347.6 to 729.3, 221.2 to 347.6 and 0 to 221.2 .hm-2; K2O 444.1 to 739.5, 382.1 ~ 444.1, 266.2 ~ 382.1, 184.6 ~ 266.2 and 0 ~ 184.6 yuan · hm-2, respectively. (4) The best agronomic efficiency of fertilization was N = 9.5-9.9, 6.3-9.5, 4.7-6.3, 4.2-4.7 and 0 ~ 4.2; P2O5 is 6.1 ~ 6.3, 5.6 ~ 6.1, 3.9 ~ 5.6, 3.3 ~ 3.9 and 0 ~ 3.3; K2O is 4.0 ~ 4.9, 3.8 ~ 4.0, 3.4 ~ 3.8, 3.2 ~ 3.4 and 0 ~ 3.2.