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弥漫性轴突损伤(DAI)作为创伤性脑损伤的重要损伤类型,是当头部受到加速性的旋转暴力时,因剪刀动力造成的神经轴突损伤。由于现在的常规CT检查不完善,在临床上DAI常被忽视,造成预后不良。近几年研究发现,由于磁共振成像(MRI)弥散成像技术的开展,DAI的诊断率显著提高,这对DAI的早期诊断是有很大帮助的。但是,治疗DAI的效果却不好,因为DAI的损伤不仅包括剪切力导致轴突损伤,还包括多种继发机制引起的轴突断裂,也就是继发性轴突断裂或迟发性轴突断裂。随着医疗水平的发展,对于DAI损伤机制及临床治疗的研究已经有一定的进展,本文就有关DAI治疗的临床及实验研究进展进行综述。
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an important type of injury in traumatic brain injury, which is a neuronal axonal injury resulting from scissor motions when the head is subjected to accelerated rotational violence. Due to the current routine CT examination is not perfect, DAI is often overlooked in the clinic, resulting in poor prognosis. In recent years, the study found that due to the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion imaging, the diagnostic rate of DAI increased significantly, which is very helpful for the early diagnosis of DAI. However, the effect of DAI treatment is not good, because DAI damage not only includes shear stress leading to axonal injury, but also includes a variety of secondary mechanism of axonal rupture, that is, secondary axonal fracture or delayed axis Sudden fracture With the development of the medical level, some progress has been made in the study of DAI injury mechanism and clinical treatment. This article reviews the clinical and experimental research progress about DAI treatment.