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血脑屏障(BBB)是血液与神经实质的调节界面,不仅有被动机械性保护屏障作用,且能有选择地将脑内过剩物质泵出脑外,调节中枢神经系统的生理平衡,保持脑的内环境恒定。关于BBB的研究已近百年,近年由于生物膜理论与神经生化、组织化学技术的迅速发展,电镜及免疫酶标技术的应用,进一步肯定了BBB的结构基础是毛细血管内皮细胞与脉胳丛上皮,并发现脑毛细血管有其独特的酶系统,脉络丛也具有主动转运的酶系统。这些酶构成一道酶屏障,阻止相应底物入脑,对BBB的通透性具有不可忽视的作用。
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a real interface between blood and nerves. It not only has the role of passive mechanical protection barrier, but also selectively pumps excess brain substance out of the brain to regulate the physiological balance of the central nervous system and maintain the brain The internal environment is constant. The research on BBB has been nearly 100 years. In recent years, due to the biofilm theory and the rapid development of biochemical and histochemical techniques, the application of electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay further affirmed that the structural basis of BBB is capillary endothelial cells and plexus plexus epithelium , And found that capillaries have their own unique enzyme system, choroid plexus also has active transporter enzyme system. These enzymes form an enzyme barrier that prevents the substrate from entering the brain and has a non-negligible effect on BBB permeability.