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隐喻是当代语言学界的一个重要研究领域。传统修辞观认为,隐喻是一种重要的修辞手段。但1980年代Lakoff和Johnson提出的概念隐喻理论(ConceptualMetaphorTheory)彻底颠覆了这种说法。Lakoff运用源域(sourcedomain)与目标域(targetdomain)之间的映射(mapping)以及意象图式(imageschema)来解释隐喻现象。他认为隐喻是一种“跨域映射”(across-domainmapping),是一种思维方式。在日常生活中,人们往往参照自己熟知的、有形的、具体的概念来认识、思考、经历、对待无形的、难以定义的概念,这就形成了不同概念之间相互关联的认知方式。简单的说,隐喻是一种认知现
Metaphor is an important research field in contemporary linguistics. The traditional view of rhetoric holds that metaphor is an important rhetorical device. But Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by Lakoff and Johnson in the 1980s completely overturned this claim. Lakoff uses the mapping between the source domain and the target domain and the image schema to explain metaphorical phenomena. He believes that metaphor is a kind of “cross-domain mapping” and is a way of thinking. In daily life, people often refer to their familiar, tangible and concrete concepts to recognize, think, experience, and treat intangible and difficult-to-define concepts. This forms a cognitive way of interrelation between different concepts. In simple terms, metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon.