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目的了解乙肝疫苗纳入免疫规划后,韶关市1～5岁儿童乙肝病毒携带率与乙肝免疫水平,评价现阶段儿童乙肝的预防控制效果。方法从全市10个县(市、区)中采取分层整群随机抽样方法,选取2008年在幼儿园(托儿所)1～5岁儿童作为调查对象,收集血清样本采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和表面抗体(抗-HBs)。结果共采集1～5岁儿童血清1485份,HBsAg阳性率为0.88%,随年龄增长有增高的趋势,男性0.93%、女性0.82%,经检验两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0586,P>0.05),地区间最高的是南雄市(0.97%),最低的武江区(0.80%),经检验两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0808,P>0.05);抗-HBs阳性率为65.86%,随年龄增长有下降趋势,男性65.01%、女性66.80%,经检验两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.5424,P>0.05),地区间最高的武江区(66.27%),最低的是乳源县(65.47%),经检验两者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0688,P>0.05)。结论韶关市乙肝疫苗免疫规划实施后,5岁以下儿童HBsAg携带率明显降低,预防效果显著;抗-HBs阳性率偏低,加大新生儿乙肝疫苗接种剂量。
Objective To understand the hepatitis B vaccine-carrying rate and hepatitis B immune status in children aged 1 ~ 5 years in Shaoguan City after the hepatitis B vaccine was included in the immunization program to evaluate the prevention and control effect of hepatitis B in children at this stage. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted in 10 counties (cities and districts) in the city. The children aged 1 to 5 years old in kindergarten (nursery school) in 2008 were selected as the survey subjects. Serum samples were collected for the determination of the serum levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibodies (anti-HBs). Results A total of 1485 serum samples were collected from 1 to 5 years old children. The positive rate of HBsAg was 0.88%, with an increasing trend with age, 0.93% for males and 0.82% for females. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.0586, (Χ2 = 0.0808, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 0.0808, P> 0.05). The highest level of anti-HBs The positive rate was 65.86%, with a downward trend with age, male 65.01%, female 66.80%, the test showed no significant difference between the two (χ2 = 1.5424, P> 0.05) ), The lowest was Ranyuan County (65.47%). There was no significant difference between them (χ2 = 0.0688, P> 0.05). Conclusion After the hepatitis B vaccine immunization program was implemented in Shaoguan City, the carrier rate of HBsAg in children under 5 years of age was significantly lower, and the preventive effect was significant. The positive rate of anti-HBs was low, which increased the dosage of hepatitis B vaccine in neonates.