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机构资助与项目资助是目前政府对大学和国立科研机构科研资助的两种主要途径。为了提高政府科研资助的效率与效果,各国政府都在不断探索政府科研资助的最佳模式。OECD提出了一种促进研究卓越的新的资助方式,“研究卓越计划”(Research Excellence Initiative,REI),可视为政府科研资助的第三条道路。从政府与科学关系的视角分析了第三条道路产生的背景;通过对机构资助、项目资助及REI资助的对比分析,提出第三条道路的内涵;基于国际案例,分析该资助模式在资助与管理方面的特点;在分析我国现状的基础之上,针对我国科技体制改革的需求,提出对政府科研资助改革的政策建议。
Institutional grants and project grants are two of the main ways that governments are currently funding research projects at universities and national research institutes. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government research funding, governments are constantly exploring the best model for government research funding. The OECD proposed a new funding modality to promote research excellence, the “Research Excellence Initiative” (REI), which can be seen as the third road to government research grants. The background of the third road is analyzed from the perspective of the relationship between government and science. The third road is proposed through the comparison of institutional aid, project funding and REI funding. Based on the international case studies, On the basis of analyzing the status quo of our country, in view of the demand of the reform of science and technology system in our country, we put forward the policy suggestions on the reform of government research funding.