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[目的]了解龙岩市5家锰铁冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒发生情况,为制定预防措施提供依据。[方法]2010年5月至2011年5月,对5家冶炼厂作业场所空气中铅浓度进行检测,对接触铅烟(尘)人员慢性铅中毒发现情况进行调查。[结果]2010年5月至2011年5月,在5家冶炼厂合计检测作业场所空气样品106份,铅浓度超过国家卫生标准的41份,超标率为38.68%,甲厂、乙厂、丙厂、丁厂和戊厂的超标率分别为7.14%、14.29%、37.50%、42.86%和58.82%。在5家冶炼厂合计检查作业人员336人,检出铅中毒患者208例,检出率为61.90%。208例患者中,观察对象128例,轻度中毒56例,中度中毒23例,重度中毒1例。作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率,生产环境与职业卫生管理制度好的为54.19%,差的为68.51%(P<0.01);接触工龄<1、1～4、5～9、≥10年的分别为57.14%、65.45%、53.33%、60.53%;<31岁的为46.67%,31～40岁的为61.96%,41～50岁的为66.67%,≥51岁的为60.87%;男性为68.29%,女性为24.49%。[结论]龙岩市5家冶炼厂作业场所空气铅浓度超标率较高,作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率很高。
[Objective] To understand the occurrence of chronic lead poisoning in 5 ferromanganese smelters in Longyan City, and to provide basis for making preventive measures. [Method] From May 2010 to May 2011, the air lead concentrations in 5 smelter workplaces were detected, and the findings of chronic lead poisoning exposure to lead smoke (dust) were investigated. [Result] From May 2010 to May 2011, 106 air samples were collected from 5 smelters and the lead concentration exceeded the national health standard by 41 samples. The exceeding standard rate was 38.68%. A, B, C The over-standard rates of plants, Ding plants and Petro-chemical plants were 7.14%, 14.29%, 37.50%, 42.86% and 58.82% respectively. A total of 336 smelting workers in the five smelters, 208 cases of lead poisoning were detected, the detection rate was 61.90%. Of the 208 patients, 128 were observed, 56 were mild, 23 were moderate, and 1 was severe. The detection rate of chronic lead poisoning was 54.19% for the workers and 68.51% for the poor (P <0.01). The occupational ages <1, 1 ~ 4, 5 ~ 9, ≥ 10 years Accounting for 57.14%, 65.45%, 53.33% and 60.53% respectively; 46.67% at 31 years old, 61.96% at 31-40 years old, 66.67% at 41-50 years old and 60.87% 68.29%, women 24.49%. [Conclusion] The excessive concentration of air lead in the workplace of 5 smelters in Longyan City was high, and the detection rate of chronic lead poisoning was very high.