论文部分内容阅读
“弱智”又称“精神发育迟滞”,由于它与儿童健康、升学、就业问题紧密相连,愈来愈受到广大儿童保健人员、教师与家长们的重视。据有关人士的调查,我国一些大地区的弱智患病率约为3‰,个别地区高达7～8%。如果按3%这个比例,以3亿儿童计,我国就有近1000万弱智儿!这个数字令人震惊,它促使我们反思“弱智”的定义与诊断问题。目前,关于“精神发育迟滞”的定义,最广为运用的是由美国精神缺陷协会(AAMD)提出的:“精神发育迟滞是指现存的总智力功能显著低于平均值,并在发育时期表现出适应行为的异常。”其中“总智力功能”常常用韦氏智力量表测量出的智力商数来反映;“暑著低于平均值”是指低于平均值两个标准差以上;“适应行为的异常”是指个体的行为偏离了与年龄、社会环境相适应的行为标准与规范,它需要用特殊的行为量表进行测量。由此可见,精神发育迟滞的诊断至少应包括两大方面,即智力测验和适应行为评定。如果仅以智力量表测得的智力商数作为唯一的判断标准,就可能存在某些偏差。
Mentally retarded, also known as “mental retardation,” is increasingly valued by the majority of child health workers, teachers and parents because of its close connection with children’s health, further education and employment. According to the investigation of relevant persons, the prevalence of mental retardation in some large areas in China is about 3 ‰, while in some areas it is as high as 7 to 8%. If we take the 3% ratio to 300 million children, there are nearly 10 million mentally retarded children in our country! This figure is alarming and prompts us to reflect on the definition and diagnosis of “mentally retarded.” At present, the most widely used definition of “mental retardation” is proposed by the American Psychiatric Association (AAMD): “Mental retardation refers to the fact that the existing total mental function is significantly lower than the mean and is manifest during development Out of behavioral abnormalities. ”“ Where ”total intelligence function“ is often measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale to reflect the quotient of intelligence; ”summer below the average“ means below the average of two standard deviations; Abnormal behavior adaptation ”refers to the behavior of individuals deviated from the age and social environment to adapt to the behavior standards and norms, it requires the use of a special behavioral scale measurement. Thus, the diagnosis of mental retardation should include at least two aspects, namely, intelligence tests and adaptive behavior assessment. If only the IQ quotient measured IQ as the only criterion, there may be some deviations.