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目的:拟探讨一种综合表象训练身体、环境、任务、时间、学习、情感和视觉(PETTLEP)模式在背越式跳高学习中的效果及应用表面肌电技术研究表象过程中背越式跳高起跳腿腓肠肌积分肌电(iEMG)的变化。方法:通过MIQ-R量表从湖南师范大学一年级非田径专业学生筛选60名实验对象,随机分为4组(n=15):对照组(C组)、身体练习组(P组)、表象训练组(I组)、PETTLEP组。采用双因素实验设计,实验时间为8周。自变量:表象训练、身体练习。因变量:背越式跳高高度及相关身体素质指标、背越式跳高起跳腿腓肠肌肌电信号。结果:8周实验后,PETTLEP组视觉表象能力显著提高(P<0.01)和动觉表象能力有明显提高(P<0.05);P组和PETTLEP组的助跑纵跳摸高和立定跳远成绩显著提高(P<0.05);与C组相比较,I组和P组的背越式跳高成绩显著提高(P<0.05),而PETTLEP组提高最显著(P<0.01),从练习方式来看主效应显著程度体现为:PETTLEP组>P组>I组>C组,跳高高度主效应显著(P<0.05);各组自身对照相比结果显示I组腓肠肌iEMG值具有显著差异性(P<0.05),P组和PETTLEP组具有非常显著差异性(P<0.01);经双因素方差分析显示,表象训练主效应显著(P<0.01),表象训练×身体训练交互作用显著(P<0.05),身体训练主效应不显著(P>0.05)。结论:①PETTLEP表象训练有利于普通大学生背越式跳高相关身体素质和运动成绩的提高。②表象训练和身体练习的运动执行效果等价,表象训练和PETTLEP表象训练均有利于神经-肌肉兴奋传递的活化和动员,提示iEMG可以作为表象训练效果和运动执行效果的一项生理指标。
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of PETTLEP in a comprehensive imagery training in Fosbury Flop High Jump and its application in FPLH study Changes of leg gastrocnemius muscle myoelectricity (iEMG). Methods: Sixty subjects were randomly selected from four groups (n = 15): control group (C group), physical exercise group (P group), control group Representation training group (group I), PETTLEP group. Using two-factor experimental design, the experimental time was 8 weeks. Argument: Representation Training, Physical Exercises. Dependent variables: Fosbury Flop height and related physical fitness indicators, Fosbury jumping high jump leg gastrocnemius EMG signal. Results: After 8 weeks of experiment, the visual abilities of PETTLEP group were significantly improved (P <0.01) and the visual acuity of kinesthetic group was significantly improved (P <0.05). The scores of gait jump and stand-up long jump in group P and PETTLEP were significantly increased (P <0.05). Compared with group C, the backfat jump scores of group I and group P were significantly increased (P <0.05), and that of PETTLEP group was the highest (P <0.01) (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the iEMG value of gastrocnemius muscle in group I was significantly different (P <0.05), and the significant difference was significant between PETTLEP group> P group> I group> (P <0.01). There was a significant difference between P group and PETTLEP group (P <0.01). Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the main effect of imagery training was significant (P <0.01), interaction between imagery training and physical training was significantly (P < The main effect of training was not significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: ①PETTLEP appearance training is conducive to the improvement of physical fitness and motor performance of the back-level jump of ordinary college students. (2) Equal effects of performance training and physical training exercise, image training and PETTLEP image training are conducive to the activation of nerve - muscle activation and mobilization, suggesting that iEMG can be used as the image training effect and exercise performance of a physiological indicator.