古文献整理是一门综合性学问。毫无疑义,首先要具备版本、目录、校勘、训诂等古典文献专业基本知识。在此基础上,还必须重视掌握职官、地理、年代学这几把治史钥匙。只有这样,才能尽量减少古籍整理中的失误。这些年来,笔者因从事《中国历代登科总录》课题的需要,经常翻阅相关的、经今人校注的古籍出版物,发现其中一些新差错,问题往往出在不谙官制上。兹揭示一些有代表性的例子,期以与校注者商榷,并引起古文献整理与研究同行的进一步关注。 1.中华书局点校本《明史·选举志》一,页1677:“每月试经、书 Ancient literature finishing is a comprehensive knowledge. No doubt, first of all have to have the basic knowledge of classical literature, such as version, catalog, collation, training 诂. On this basis, we must also attach importance to grasping the keys to governing the history of government officials, geography and chronology. Only in this way can we minimize mistakes in the collation of ancient books. Over the past few years, due to the need to carry out the ”Catalog of Deng Xiaokong in All Dynasties of China“, I often found some new mistakes in the ancient books and publications related to the current school notes. The problems are often unfamiliar with the official system. Here are some representative examples to be disclosed in order to discuss with the school notes, and lead to further attention of the ancient literature collation and research counterparts. 1. Zhonghua Bookstore point school ”History of the Ming election“, page 1677: ”monthly trial, the book