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第二次世界大战后,日本的工业现代化,是从1955年左右开始的。一个主要特点是各种企业提高生产率运动、引入新技术、改组作业组织等,以合理化的名目相继进行。1961年日本政府制定了农业基本法。该法是想通过农业劳动机械化、改善耕地、使用农药等,来谋求劳动的省力化,使农村剩余劳动力转向第二类、第三类产业 (矿业、工业、商业等),以争取经济的发展。因此,农村的劳动力流入城市,促进日本重工业的发展,从60年代至70年代得到了高度的经济增长。以1960年为界,第一类产业就业人数减少,第二、三类产业就业人数增多。为这些工业现代化而采取的“技术革新”、“体质改善”并没有减轻工人的劳动负担,反而造成另一种新的劳动负担加
After World War II, Japan’s industrial modernization began around 1955. One of the main features is the campaign of various enterprises to increase productivity, the introduction of new technologies, the reorganization of operating organizations, and the like, in a rationalized way. In 1961 the Japanese government formulated the Basic Law of Agriculture. The Act seeks to reduce labor and labor by means of mechanization of agricultural labor, improvement of arable land, and the use of pesticides to shift the rural surplus labor force to the second and third industries (mining, industry, commerce, etc.) for economic development . As a result, rural labor force flowed into the cities and promoted the development of heavy industry in Japan, achieving a high degree of economic growth from the 1960s to the 1970s. In 1960, the number of employed persons in the first type of industries decreased while those in the second and third types of industries increased. The “technological innovations” and “constitutional improvements” adopted for the modernization of these industries have not lightened the labor burden on the workers but have instead created another new burden of labor