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为了保证电力市场的有效运营,需要设计出合理的市场规则,但是市场本身不会自动给出答案。文中将经济制度按照功能不同划分为4类:实现成本与收益对应的产权制度、抑制交易费用的交易促进制度、控制风险的风险约束制度与集中优化制度。经济制度与市场失灵之间存在密切的关系,制度可以减轻失灵的程度,市场失灵是一个相对的问题。电力商品非常特殊,在进行市场设计前,必须了解电力市场的特性。电力市场设计实际上就是4种制度在电力系统中的实现过程。
In order to ensure the effective operation of the electricity market, we need to design a reasonable market rules, but the market itself will not be given an answer. In this paper, the economic system is divided into four categories according to different functions: the property right system that realizes the cost and benefit, the transaction promotion system that restrain the transaction cost, the risk constraint system and the centralized optimization system to control the risk. There is a close relationship between economic system and market failure, and the system can reduce the degree of failure. Market failure is a relative problem. Power products are very special and must be aware of the nature of the electricity market before you can design your market. Power market design is actually the realization of four kinds of systems in the power system.