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目的探讨慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒原因及临床护理干预应用效果。方法选取2013年12月—2015年12月邳州市人民医院收治的行血液透析的慢性肾衰竭患者70例,根据护理方式不同将所有患者分为对照组与试验组,各35例。对照组患者给予常规护理,试验组患者在对照组基础上给予临床护理干预,比较两组患者皮肤瘙痒原因及护理满意度。结果两组患者皮肤瘙痒原因有电解质代谢障碍、氮质代谢产物潴留、过敏反应,其中因电解质代谢障碍致痒46例(65.71%),氮质代谢产物潴留致痒17例(24.29%),过敏反应致痒7例(10.00%)。两组患者皮肤瘙痒原因比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组患者护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论导致慢性肾衰竭血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒的原因主要有电解质代谢障碍、氮质代谢产物潴留及过敏反应,临床护理干预可有效提高患者护理满意度,有效改善患者皮肤瘙痒症状。
Objective To investigate the causes of skin pruritus in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure and the effect of clinical nursing intervention. Methods Seventy patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in the Pizhou Municipal People’s Hospital from December 2013 to December 2015. All patients were divided into control group and experimental group according to different nursing methods. Patients in the control group were given routine nursing care. Patients in the test group were given clinical nursing intervention on the basis of the control group, and the causes of skin pruritus and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The pruritus of skin pruritus in both groups were caused by electrolyte metabolism disorders, retention of nitrogenous metabolites and allergic reactions. Among them, 46 cases (65.71%) had itchiness due to electrolyte metabolism disorder, 17 cases (24.29%) had itchy retention of nitrogenous metabolites, Reaction itching in 7 cases (10.00%). The two groups of patients with pruritus causes, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The nursing satisfaction of test group was higher than that of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusion The main causes of pruritus in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure are electrolytes metabolism, retention of nitrogenous metabolites and allergic reactions. Clinical nursing intervention can effectively improve patient satisfaction and improve pruritus symptoms in patients.