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目的了解肾病患者医院感染病原菌的分布及耐药性情况,为临床合理选择抗菌药物提供参考。方法通过病原菌分离鉴定和药敏试验方法,对某医院肾移植中心住院患者送检临床标本进行检测和耐药性评估。结果从某医院84例医院感染患者送检标本中,共检出病原菌70株,检出率为83.33%。在检出的70株病原菌中,革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌和真菌的构成比依次为71.4%、21.5%和7.1%。肾病患者医院感染病原菌主要分离自痰液、中段尿和血液标本,提示以呼吸道、泌尿道和血液相关感染为主。临床分离的革兰阴性菌耐药率较高且普遍,革兰阳性菌对青霉素、红霉素和苯唑西林等抗菌药物耐药率较高。结论该医院住院肾病患者医院感染主要病原菌为革兰阴性杆菌,其中多重耐药菌株比例较高,提示按药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物为首要防控对策。
Objective To understand the distribution and drug resistance of nosocomial pathogenic bacteria in patients with nephropathy and to provide a reference for the rational choice of antimicrobial agents in clinical practice. Methods The isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria and drug susceptibility testing methods were used to evaluate the clinical samples of hospitalized patients in a hospital renal transplant center. Results A total of 70 pathogenic bacteria were detected in 84 samples of hospital infection from a hospital, the detection rate was 83.33%. Among the 70 pathogens detected, the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacilli, Gram-positive cocci and fungi was 71.4%, 21.5% and 7.1%, respectively. Nephropathy patients with nosocomial pathogenic bacteria were mainly isolated from sputum, urine and blood samples, suggesting that respiratory, urinary tract and blood-related infections. The clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria resistant rate is high and common, gram-positive bacteria resistant to penicillin, erythromycin and oxacillin and other antibiotics higher. Conclusions The main pathogen of nosocomial infection in hospitalized nephrotic patients in this hospital is Gram-negative bacilli, of which the proportion of multi-drug resistant strains is high, suggesting that the rational selection of antimicrobial agents should be the primary prevention and control countermeasure based on the drug susceptibility test results.