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目的了解漆包线工人职业紧张现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对某大型中外合资漆包线生产企业237名工人,应用职业紧张量表修订版(OSI-R)进行研究。结果调查对象职业紧张各领域及子项得分与技术工人、西南地区职业人群常模比较,工作环境、个体紧张反应总分、业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应得分比2个常模都高;应对资源总分、自我保健、社会支持、理性处事得分比2个常模都低。以技术工人常模为参照,工作环境、业务紧张反应、心理紧张反应高度/中度紧张者分别占26.4%、22.6%、17.7%;娱乐休闲、自我保健、理性处事高度/中度缺乏者分别占44.6%、20.1%和34%。多元回归分析表明,个体紧张反应的主要影响因素有工作环境、责任感、任务模糊、任务过重、是否有疾病、所在车间。结论漆包线工人存在着职业紧张危害,建议该企业要做好工作环境改造、心理疏导、自我保健、社会支持、理性处事、工作任务合理分配、娱乐休闲、健康生活方式。
Objective To understand the occupational stress status of enameled wire workers and discuss the influencing factors. Methods Using cluster sampling method, 237 workers from a large-scale Sino-foreign joint venture enameled wire production enterprise were studied using the Occupational Stress Test Revision (OSI-R). Results Compared with the norm of occupational groups in Southwest China, the work environment, individual stress response scores, business stress responses and psychological stress responses were higher than those of the two norm; Total score, self-care, social support, rational service scores lower than the two norm. In terms of norm of skilled workers, the work environment, business stress response and psychological stress reaction / moderate tension accounted for 26.4%, 22.6% and 17.7% respectively; entertainment and leisure, self-care and rational work / Accounting for 44.6%, 20.1% and 34%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main influencing factors of individual nervous reaction are working environment, responsibility, ambiguity of tasks, over-work, whether there is any disease or not, where the workshop is. Conclusion There are occupational tensions in the enameled wire workers. It is suggested that the enterprises should make the work environment reform, psychological counseling, self-care, social support, rational work, the rational distribution of work tasks, entertainment and leisure, and healthy lifestyles.