光学显微镜的分辨率及其影响因素,在理论上早已有明确的结论。本文概要说明这些结论并介绍我们的一些验证性实验。早在1873年阿贝在论述显微镜成象原理时首次提出了两次衍射成象的概念,这就是阿贝成象学说。若以透射光栅为例(图1),在相干光照明的条件下,平行光通过光栅将发生衍射,经物镜聚焦在后焦面上得到夫琅和费衍射花样,在阿贝成象学说中称为一次衍射象(图1c),近代信息光学称之为频谱。若光栅常数为d,则光程差(图1b) ndsina=Kλ(K=0,±1,±2…) (1)时形成各级衍射极大值,式中n为折射率,入为波长, The resolution of the optical microscope and its influencing factors have already been clearly concluded theoretically. This article outlines these conclusions and introduces some of our confirmatory experiments. As early as 1873, Abe first proposed the concept of diffraction imaging twice when discussing the principle of microscopic imaging. This is the Abbe imagery theory. If the transmission grating as an example (Figure 1), under the conditions of coherent light illumination, the parallel light will be diffraction through the grating, focusing on the back focal plane by the objective lens to obtain Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in the Abbe imagery theory Known as a diffraction image (Figure 1c), modern information optics called the spectrum. If the grating constant d, then the optical path difference (Figure 1b) ndsina = Kλ (K = 0, ± 1, ± 2 ...) (1) when the formation of diffraction order maximum, where n is the refractive index, into wavelength,