近日从媒体获悉,日本科技厅针对近年来日本科技领域发生的几起重大科技事故和失败,成立了一个“活用失败知识研究会”。其主要任务是构筑“失败学”——把科技领域里发生的事故和失败收集起来,编成数据库进行研究,并将其经验教训活用到科研管理领域。这种把“失败”由一种教训上升到“失败学”进行专门系统的研究的创举,确实体现了一种理性和科学的态度。笔者作为一名研充中国国情的减灾学人对此试作“三思”一思:日本的“失败学”专门研究虽值得借鉴,但事实上,中国科学家及社会人文学者已在十多年前就提出过完全类似的著述,并有专著为证。如1992年由城镇防灾杂志社出版的《失误学与人为灾害研究导论》一书就专门从关于“故障、风险、灾害”的统一评价入手提出了失误论的框架,并说出了失误分析方法学。特别从失误哲学、失误控制模型、失误管理等实际出发,研讨了可靠性决策问题。该书认为,现实广义系统中,入学领域是最为重 Recently it was learned from the media that the Japan Science and Technology Department has set up a “Seminar on Application of Failure Knowledge” in response to several major scientific and technological accidents and failures that have taken place in Japan's science and technology in recent years. Its main task is to build a “failure learning” - to collect accidents and failures in the field of science and technology, compiled into a database for research, and its lessons learned and applied to the field of scientific research management. This initiative of “failure” from a lesson up to “failure learning” to conduct a systematic study specifically reflects a rational and scientific attitude. The author as a study of China's national conditions of disaster reduction scholars try this “think twice” think: Japan's “failure to learn,” although the specialized research is worth learning, but in fact, Chinese scientists and social humanities scholars in More than a decade ago, a completely similar article was presented, with monographs as evidence. For example, in 1992, the book “Introduction to Misdiagnosis and Man-Made Disasters” published by Urban Disaster Prevention Magazine put forward the frame of error theory from the unified evaluation of “faults, risks and disasters” and stated Error Analysis Methodology. In particular, from the failure philosophy, fault control model, fault management and other practical considerations, the reliability of decision-making issues discussed. The book believes that the reality of a broad system, the field of admission is the most important