泌尿外科老年患者是静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）的高危人群，VTE及随之而来的肺栓塞（PE）是导致泌尿外科老年患者术后死亡的主要非手术并发症。本文对VTE在泌尿外科术后的流行病学特征、预防、诊断及治疗等方面进行总结，以提高对静脉血栓栓塞的认识，进行规范的预防、治疗，对降低泌尿外科老年患者围手术期病死率有着重要的临床意义。[关键词] 静脉血栓栓塞；深静脉血栓形成；肺栓塞；泌尿；老年患者 Urological elderly patients are at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE and subsequent pulmonary embolism (PE) are the major non-operative complications leading to postoperative death in elderly urological patients. This article summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of VTE after urological surgery in order to improve the understanding of venous thromboembolism, standardize prevention and treatment, and to reduce the perioperative mortality of elderly patients in urology. Rate has important clinical significance. [Key words] Venous thromboembolism; Deep venous thrombosis; Pulmonary embolism; Urinary; Elderly patients