黄河堤防漏洞形成发展机理极其复杂 ,影响因素众多。在室内外试验的基础上 ,综合运用土力学、水力学等有关理论 ,对试验结果进行了较全面的分析。结果表明 ,漏洞进口吸力大小与洞内流速关系最大 ,而与洞子进口高低无直接关系 ;漏洞的形成和发展经受着冲蚀与坍塌破坏两者的共同作用 ,整个过程先缓后急 ,具体可分为形成阶段、缓慢发展阶段、急剧发展阶段和溃口阶段 The formation and development mechanism of loess holes in the Yellow River is extremely complicated and has many influential factors. On the basis of indoor and outdoor tests, a comprehensive analysis of the test results is made by comprehensively applying the relevant theories of soil mechanics and hydraulics. The results show that the size of suction suction gap has the highest correlation with the flow velocity inside the hole, but not with the height of the entrance of the hole. The formation and development of the loophole endures the joint action of erosion and collapse. Divided into the formation stage, slow development stage, rapid development stage and breach stage