用电弧炉和电子束悬浮区熔炉法制备了ＬａＢ６ＺｒＢ２共晶复合材料，并用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ方法对其显微组织进行了研究。结果表明，ＬａＢ６ＺｒＢ２形成纤维状共晶组织，控制凝固条件可得到定向排列的组织，ＬａＢ６基体上均匀分布着直径为０２～１２μｍ的ＺｒＢ２纤维，纤维长度可达１００μｍ以上。对于固液界面为平面生长的试样，其结晶学取向关系为［００１］ＬａＢ６∥［００１］ＺｒＢ２，（１１０）ＬａＢ６∥（０１０）ＺｒＢ２。 LaB6ZrB2 eutectic composite was prepared by electric arc furnace and electron beam suspension zone method. The microstructure of LaB6ZrB2 composite was studied by SEM and TEM. The results show that LaB6ZrB2 can form fibrous eutectic structure and control the solidification conditions to obtain the aligned structure. The ZrB2 fiber with the diameter of 02 ~ 12μm is uniformly distributed on the LaB6 matrix, and the fiber length can reach more than 100μm. The crystallographic orientations of [001] LaB6 // [001] ZrB2, (110) LaB6 // (010) ZrB2 for the solid-liquid interface were plane-grown.