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近来的一些研究,包括达戈·加尔塔(1988)以及吉姆斯·科尔曼(1990)、罗伯特·普特南(1993)、福山·弗兰西(1995)的研究,都主张信任或社会资本决定了一个社会的公共机构的绩效。这些研究将信任或社会资本看成是一个社会中人们通过合作以产生社交方面有效的结果并避免象囚徒困境这样的合作处境。例如,普特南(1993)就将社会资本作为意大利各地政府的绩效的决定性因素来考察。他证明了群众积极参与公民活动的地方(这可以看作是一个高度合作倾向的表现形式)也是地方政府展现出较高绩效目标尺度(如公共物品的交付)的地方。福山·弗兰西(1995)则进一步认为公民间的高度信任说明一个社会中包括厂商在内的所有机构的较优绩活动。在这篇论文中。我们提供了对现有的信任理论的概述,将其中的一些含义加以拓展并在多国的截面上对其进行检验。在数据中我们发现了有关这种看法的引人注目的证
Some recent studies, including studies by Daggalrtha (1988) and Jim Coleman (1990), Robert Putnam (1993) and Fukuyama Francis (1995), advocate trust or social Capital determines the performance of public institutions in a society. These studies see trust or social capital as a cooperative situation in which people work together to generate socially effective results and avoid situations like the prisoner's dilemma. For example, Putnam (1993) examines social capital as a determining factor in the performance of governments throughout Italy. He demonstrated where the masses are actively involved in civic activities (which can be seen as a manifestation of a highly cooperative tendentiousness) and where local governments exhibit higher performance targets (such as the delivery of public goods). Fukuyama Frances (1995) further argues that high levels of trust among citizens illustrate the more performance-based activities of all institutions, including manufacturers, in a society. In this paper. We provide an overview of existing theories of trust, expand some of them and test them on multinational cross-sections. In the data we find compelling evidence of this perception