“打铁先要自身硬”这个道理,是这几段选自《吕氏春秋·先己》中的文字所共有的。小而言之,声音动人,回声就好听,形象美好,影子才好看。可见,声音和形象是回声和影子的根本。相反,百仞之松,树梢上的叶子枯萎,只是表象,树根在看不见的地下受伤,才是本原。所以,治伤必从治根抓起。中而言之,要取得战争的胜利,也要分析原因,找到根子,战胜自己,整治得体,才有把握。在夏后相看来,甘泽之败,既然不是己方的客观原因(地不瘠薄,民不寡少)使然,那么,就是己方的主观原因所致,集中到一点,就是“吾德薄而教不善”决定了的。这一点,我们可以从他日后力求改正的几个方面想见此前的所作所为:一是玩物丧志,表现在贪图享受、纵情娱乐、讲究修饰;二是漠视道德规范,表 “The first blacksmith should be hard on their own” This truth is selected from the paragraphs of “Lu’s Spring and Autumn Annals” in the text common to all. In short, the sound is moving, the echo is nice, the image is beautiful and the shadow looks good. Can be seen, the sound and image is the echo and shadow of the fundamental. On the contrary, the pine of hundred feet, the leaves on the treetops withered, just appearance, roots in the invisible underground injuries, is the original. Therefore, treatment must start from the root cause. In other words, if we want to win the war, we must also analyze the reasons, find our roots, defeat ourselves and properly manage them. Judging from the late summer phase, since the defeat of Ganze is not an objective reason for one’s own part (because the land is not barren but not enough for the people), then it is the subjective cause of one’s own side that concentrates on the point that “ Poor education ”decided. At this point, we can see from what he did in the few areas he sought to correct in the past: the first is the loss of playfulness, expressed in the desire to enjoy, indulge in entertainment, pay attention to modification; second, ignore the moral norms, the table