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《世界人權公約》代表了當今世界人們對人權的普遍共識,而這一普遍共識往往又是由傳統哲學、宗教中的基本直覺所激發和支撑的,如孔子的“性相近,習相遠”被寫進聯合國《關于種族的宣言》中,使其由特殊文化中的基本直覺發展爲當今世界的普遍共識,生動地詮釋了傳統哲學、宗教與當今人權話語的內在聯繫。本文考察了孟子思想中的基本直覺——道德潜能和“天爵”說,認爲前者發展出了平等理念,但與西方人生而具有理性能力的觀點有所不同;後者則較之西方更早地提出了“人格尊嚴”的問題。道德潜能/平等以及天爵/人的尊嚴,不僅反映了孟子人權思想的萌芽,也爲當今人權理論建設提供了重要的思想資源。
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights represents a universal consensus on human rights in the world today, and this universal consensus is often inspired and supported by the basic intuitions in traditional philosophy and religion. For example, Confucius’s “similarities and differences” Was incorporated into the United Nations Declaration on Race so that it would evolve from a basic intuition in special cultures to a universal consensus in today’s world that vividly illustrates the intrinsic linkages between traditional philosophy and religion and contemporary human rights discourse. This article examines the basic intuition in Mencius’ thought - the moral potential and the “God of Jazz”, that the former developed the concept of equality but differed from the rational and rational perspective of the West and the latter was more Early proposed the issue of “human dignity”. Moral potential / equality, and heavenly knuckle / human dignity not only reflect the sprouting of Mencius’s human rights ideology, but also provide important ideological resources for the construction of human rights theory today.