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《默觚》是魏源的读书笔记,后来被整理成册,收入《古微堂内集》,分《学篇》与《治篇》两个部分。其中学篇侧重于论天人与道,治篇侧重于选才治国。欲一窥魏源的哲学思想,应从《默觚·学篇》入手。魏源在此篇探讨了天人关系,体现了朴素辩证法思想,阐述了唯物主义认识论,强调了意识的主观能动作用,展示了进化史观。魏源《默觚·学篇》蕴含的学术思想既有启蒙意义,也有时代局限。
“Mo 觚” is Wei Yuan’s study notes, and later was organized into volumes, income “ancient micro-Church set”, “learning articles” and “rule articles” in two parts. Among them, the study focuses on the theory of Heaven and Man, the rule of treatment focuses on the selection of the country. For a glimpse of Wei Yuan’s philosophical thinking, we should start with “Mo 觚 · 学 学 篇”. Wei Yuan explores the relationship between man and nature in this article, embodies the idea of simple dialectics, expounds the materialist epistemology, emphasizes the subjective and active role of consciousness, and displays the concept of historical evolution. The academic thought contained in Wei Yuan’s “Mo 觚 · ology” is not only enlightenment but also time-limited.