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目的分析深圳市疟疾流行病学特点,并评估防制效果。方法收集2007-2009年全市“三热”病人血检监测及疟疾发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析其“三间”分布特点,通过比较实施综合性干预措施前后疟疾发病率的变化,评估疟疾防制效果。结果 2007-2009年疟疾发病总数为85例,平均年发病率为0.025/万;输入性疟疾病例为54例,占总病例数的63.5%(54/85),其中恶性疟15例;2007-2009年本地疟疾发病数稳定在每年10例左右,而输入性病例数变化明显,分别为15,29和10例;按地区分,报告病例数前三位依次是罗湖、宝安和龙岗区,分别为31、21和20例,南山和福田区各5例,盐田区2例;发病时间动态分布显示每年的6-8月为发病的高峰期;从事野外作业的低收入群体和往来非洲、东南亚等疟疾高发地区的商务人员为高危人群。实施以输入性疟疾防治为重点的干预措施后,2009年疟疾发病数和输入性病例同比下降了46.1%和65.5%。结论深圳市本地疟疾疫情稳定,输入性疟疾是导致疟疾疫情波动的主要因素。今后,深圳市疟疾防制应以输入性疟疾为工作重点。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Shenzhen and to evaluate the control effect. Methods The data of blood tests and malaria incidence in the whole city from 2007 to 2009 were collected. The epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of malaria. The incidence of malaria was compared before and after the implementation of comprehensive interventions Changes in the assessment of malaria control effect. Results The total number of malaria cases in 2007-2009 was 85 cases, with an average annual incidence of 0.025 / million. The number of imported malaria cases was 54 (63.5% (54/85)), of which 15 cases were Plasmodium falciparum The incidence of local malaria in 2009 was stable at about 10 cases per year, while the number of imported cases changed significantly, which were 15, 29 and 10 cases respectively. The top three cases reported by district were Luohu, Bao’an and Longgang respectively 31 cases, 21 cases and 20 cases, 5 cases in Nanshan and Futian District and 2 cases in Yantian District. The dynamic distribution of onset time shows the peak incidence from June to August every year. The low-income groups engaged in field work and non-farm workers from Africa, Southeast Asia Other high-risk business people such as malaria-prone areas. Following the implementation of interventions focusing on imported malaria prevention and control, the number of malaria cases and imported cases in 2009 decreased by 46.1% and 65.5% respectively year on year. Conclusion The epidemic situation of malaria in Shenzhen is stable. The imported malaria is the main factor leading to the fluctuation of malaria. In the future, malaria control in Shenzhen should focus on imported malaria.