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青藏公路由北向南纵贯青藏高原腹地,昆仑山唐古拉山间平均海拔4500m以上,在公路沿线700多千米范围内广泛分布有全球独一无二的以高海拔高温为主要特征的多年冻土.高原气候变化无常,一日间可经历四季,遭遇雨、雪、冰雹;公路沿线环境恶劣,年平均气温-2℃~-7℃,空气中含氧量不足海平面的50%,太阳辐射量平均高达3600kJ/m2.多年冻土、高寒缺氧、生态脆弱是高原环境的基本特征.在当今全球气候升温大背景下,高原下伏多年冻土响应进程加快,近20年间冻土平均升温0.2~0.3℃,岛状多年冻土加速消失,高温多年冻土加剧退化,低温多年冻土升温明显,并由此导致冻土区公路工程病害不断发生发展.青藏公路历经50年建设和34年连续科研,通车50年来,历经数次整治改建,并开展长达30多年的连续跟踪观测研究,其作为中国高原冻土区大规模工程建设的开山之作,无疑也成为中国冻土工程研究最大的试验工程.2002年交通部在西部交通建设科技项目中安排开展《多年冻土地区公路修筑成套技术研究》,积极迎对全球气候升温变暖对多年冻土区工程影响的挑战,从冻土工程理论、勘察设计方法、工程稳定措施、冻土工程病害预防养护与工程寿命保障,到高寒缺氧恶劣环境下的生态环境保护等方面开展系统研究,创新、集成了针对中国实际的多年冻土地区公路修筑成套技术,推动了中国冻土工程领域的技术进步,进一步提升了中国公路冻土工程研究的世界领先水平.
The Qinghai-Tibet Highway runs through the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from north to south. The average elevation of the Tanggula Mountain in the Kunlun Mountains is more than 4500m, and the unique global high-altitude and high-temperature permafrost is widely distributed over 700 kilometers along the highway. Fluctuating environment, the weather can be experienced in four seasons during the day, encountering rain, snow and hail; the harsh environment along the highway, the annual average temperature of -2 ℃ -7 ℃, the oxygen content in the air less than 50% of the sea level, the average solar radiation up to 3600kJ / m2 permafrost, alpine hypoxia, ecological fragility is the basic characteristics of the plateau environment.In today’s global climate warming context, the response process of the permafrost under the plateau accelerated, the average 20-year permafrost temperature 0.2 ~ 0.3 ℃, permafrost accelerated disappear, permafrost at high temperature aggravate degradation, low temperature permafrost obvious warming, and lead to the continuous development of road damage in permafrost areas.Qinghai-Tibet Highway after 50 years of construction and 34 consecutive scientific research, After 50 years of operation, it has undergone several remediation alterations and carried out continuous tracking and observational studies for more than 30 years. As a pioneering undertaking of large-scale construction in the permafrost region of China, it undoubtedly became In 2004, the Ministry of Communications of China’s Ministry of Communications organized “Research on complete sets of highway construction in permafrost regions” in the science and technology project of western transport construction, and actively responded to the impact of warming of global climate on the construction of permafrost regions Challenge, from the permafrost engineering theory, survey and design methods, engineering stability measures, prevention and maintenance of frozen soil engineering disease and project life protection, to the alpine anoxic and harsh environment, ecological and environmental protection and other aspects of systematic research, innovation, integrated for China The actual construction of complete sets of highways in the permafrost region has promoted the technological progress in the field of permafrost in China and further enhanced the world advanced level in the research on the Chinese permafrost projects.