线粒体是真核细胞中一种重要的细胞器,具有内外双层膜,其通过氧化呼吸作用提供细胞生命活动所需的能量,同时与人体内的氧化应激、细胞凋亡等有关,具有自身的遗传物质和遗传体系.线粒体在耗能较高的组织器官中广泛分布,视网膜和视神经含有丰富的线粒体,为视觉信号传导和细胞内物质运输提供必需的能量.越来越多的研究表明,线粒体功能不全参与视神经病变,从而影响视网膜神经节细胞的存活.本文就线粒体在视神经和视网膜神经节细胞中的分布、功能以及功能障碍介导视神经病变的研究进展作一综述.“,”Mitochondria are an important eukaryotic cell organelle with inner and outer membranes.They generate the necessary lifecycle energy for cells through aerobic respiration,and plays a role in oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in human body.Mitochondria have their own genetic material and genetic system.In more active structures,such as the retina and the optic nerve,mitochondria are more abundant,providing the necessary energy for visual signaling and intracellular transport of substances.An increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in optic nerve degeneration and affects retinal ganglion cell survival.This paper summarized the current research on the distribution and the role of mitochondria in the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells.