目的了解新疆流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,为做好流脑防制工作提供科学依据。方法对新疆2001~2006年流脑流行病学和实验室检测资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果新疆2001~2006年流脑年平均发病率、死亡率、病死率分别是0.45/10万、0.026/10万、5.75%。发病呈明显的季节性,主要集中在2~4月。发病年龄以15岁以下儿童为主,占60.04%,职业以学生、散居儿童为主,分别占30.62%、28.03%。169名密切接触者咽拭子采样检测平均带菌率为10.65%,其中A群13株,带菌率为7.69%;B群4株,带菌率为2.37%;C群1株,带菌率为0.59%。健康人群流脑抗体免疫水平:A群抗体阳性率为37.54%,C群抗体阳性率为18.44%。结论2001~2006年新疆流脑发病率一直维持在较低水平(年均发病率0.45/10万),但仍高于同期全国水平(0.20/10万),防治工作仍须加强。新疆健康人群流脑A群和C群流脑抗体水平较低,A群抗体阳性率37.54%,C群抗体阳性率18.44%,因此要加强新疆地区流脑疫苗的预防接种工作。 Objective To understand the epidemiological features of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Xinjiang and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of meningococcal disease. Methods Epidemiological analysis of epidemiological and laboratory testing data of epidemic encephalitis in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2006 was conducted. Results The average morbidity, mortality and mortality of mecca in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2006 were 0.45 / 100,000, 0.026 / 100,000 and 5.75%, respectively. The incidence was obviously seasonal, mainly concentrated in 2 ~ April. The age of onset was dominated by children under 15, accounting for 60.04%. Occupation was mainly students and diasporas, accounting for 30.62% and 28.03% respectively. Among the 169 close contacts, the average detection rate of pharyngeal swabs was 10.65%. Among them, 13 strains in group A had a carriage rate of 7.69%, 4 strains in group B had a carriage rate of 2.37%, and 1 strain in group C had a carriage rate of 0.59% . Immunoglobulin levels in healthy population were 37.54% in group A and 18.44% in group C, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of meningitis in Xinjiang from 2001 to 2006 has been kept at a relatively low level (average annual incidence of 0.45 / 100,000) but still higher than the national average of 0.20 / 100,000 in the same period. Prevention and treatment work still needs to be strengthened. The level of antibody against meningococcal meningitis in group A and group C of healthy people in Xinjiang is relatively low. The positive rate of antibody in group A is 37.54% and the positive rate of antibody in group C is 18.44%. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen vaccination of meningococcal vaccine in Xinjiang.