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有效的患者同意以医生充分履行说明义务为前提,在能够通过充分说明进而获得患者有效同意之时不予说明的情形中,德国民事判例率先提出了假定同意这一法律概念,20世纪90年代之后,假定同意逐渐被移植到德国刑事判例之中,并且成为德国刑法学上被广泛探讨的一个问题。虽然假定同意已经在德国判例中确立了稳固的地位,但其无法在现有的德国刑法教义学体系中觅得一个妥当的体系性位置,无论是试图将其定位于构成要件层面还是违法性层面,抑或是将其定位于犯罪论体系之外的其他可罚性条件的努力,都存在这样或者那样的问题。而且,假定同意与现有的德国刑法理论的诸多原理存在冲突。因此,在当前德国的法律框架下,应当彻底否定假定同意这一法律概念。由于假定同意的根本问题在于患者利益与医生利益之间的冲突,因此,解决冲突的可能途径是创设专门的“专断性医疗罪”。
Effective patients agree to take the doctor to fully fulfill the obligation to explain the premise, to be fully elucidated and then get the patient’s consent is not the case at the time, the German civil precedent put forward the concept of presumed consent of the law, after the 20th century, 90’s , Assuming that consent is gradually being transplanted to German criminal precedent and has become a widely discussed issue in German criminal law. Although it is assumed that consent has been firmly established in German jurisprudence, it can not find a proper systematic place in the existing German jurisprudence of criminal law, whether it is an attempt to position it at the constituent element or the illegitimate Or whether it is an effort to locate other penalties outside the criminal system. There are some problems with this or that. Moreover, it is assumed that there is a conflict of conception with the many principles of the existing German criminal law theory. Therefore, under the current German legal framework, the conception of the law of presumption of consent should be denied completely. Since the fundamental problem of assuming consent lies in the conflict between the interests of the patients and the interests of the doctors, the possible way to resolve the conflicts is to create a special “exclusive medical offense.”