周围神经损伤的治疗是临床上的难题。以往研究主要集中在神经损伤后断端缺损的桥接修复和提高神经的再生速度,但实际上功能的恢复更取决于再生轴索能否精确地长入原先支配的靶器官。因此,充分理解神经趋化性再生的细胞和分子生物学基础,在治疗中运用神经再生趋化性理论,对促进神经功能恢复具有重要的意义。本文就周围神经再生趋化性理论及其细胞和分子生物学机制的研究进展作一综述。 The treatment of peripheral nerve injury is a clinical problem. Previous studies mainly focused on bridging repair and improving nerve regeneration rate of the defect after nerve injury, but in fact, the recovery of function depends on whether the regenerative axon can precisely grow into the original target organ. Therefore, it is of great significance to fully understand the cellular and molecular biology of neurotrophic regeneration and to use the theory of neural regeneration chemotaxis in therapy to promote the recovery of neurological function. This review summarizes the advances in chemotactic theory of peripheral nerve regeneration and its cellular and molecular biological mechanisms.