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采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂PW/MCM-41,并以此催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油。考察了磷钨酸负载量和催化剂焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响,以及醇油物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对生物柴油产率的影响。结果表明:磷钨酸负载量为30%、焙烧温度为300℃时,催化剂活性最高。酯交换反应的最佳条件是醇油物质的量比为12∶1、催化剂用量为原料油质量的6%,反应时间6 h,反应温度70℃。在此条件下制备生物柴油,其产率可以达到89%以上。
The supported catalyst PW / MCM-41 was prepared by the same volume impregnation method, and biodiesel was prepared by the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol. The effects of the loading of phosphotungstic acid and the calcination temperature on the catalytic activity of the catalyst were investigated. The effects of the molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the amount of catalyst, the reaction time and the reaction temperature on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. The results showed that when the loading of phosphotungstic acid was 30% and the calcination temperature was 300 ℃, the catalyst activity was the highest. The optimum conditions for the transesterification were as follows: the molar ratio of alcohol to oil was 12: 1, the amount of catalyst was 6% of the mass of the feedstock, the reaction time was 6 h and the reaction temperature was 70 ℃. In this condition, biodiesel can be produced at a yield of more than 89%.