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食管憩室即食管壁的一层或者全层向外突出进入纵膈,内壁覆盖有完整上皮的盲袋,其发生与消化道的局部解剖、年龄、人种、膳食结构等多种因素有关。此病临床上较为少见,按发病部位食管憩室可分为咽食管憩室、食管中段憩室和膈上憩室。在发病人群中,大多数患者可多年或终身无症状,但在一些患者可能由于常合并有突出的临床症状和严重并发症如大出血、食管穿孔、吸入性肺炎及癌变可能,故需外科治疗。食管憩室的发病机制至今仍没有一种较为准确统一的阐述,其影响因素也存在不同争议,所以对于该病的诊断及其预防仍然较为困难。本文将通过国内外文献的回顾性分析,对食管憩室的分类、发病机制及现阶段治疗方法作一综述,希望能对临床工作有所指导和帮助。
Esophageal diverticula or wall of one or all of the sudden protruding into the mediastinum, the inner wall covered with intact epithelial blind bag, its occurrence and local digestive tract anatomy, age, ethnic origin, diet and other factors. Clinically, the disease is relatively rare, according to the incidence of esophageal diverticulum can be divided into pharyngeal esophageal diverticulum, esophageal diverticulum and diaphragm on the diverticulum. Most patients in the affected population can be asymptomatic for many years or for life, but in some patients they may require surgical treatment because they often have prominent clinical symptoms and serious complications such as bleeding, esophageal perforation, aspiration pneumonia and cancer. The pathogenesis of esophageal diverticulum is still not a more accurate and uniform exposition, the influencing factors are also different controversy, so the diagnosis and prevention of the disease is still more difficult. This article will review the classification, pathogenesis and current treatment of esophageal diverticulum through retrospective analysis of the literature both at home and abroad, hoping to guide and help clinical work.